Scholars have been working on Bible translations for over 2,000 years. Read about the history of translation and how it influenced the modern world. Translation is the process of communicating a message into a language that is different from the one in which the message was originally written. The… Read More

Exchange is inevitable whenever people meet. Check out this detailed list of Israel’s exchange with surrounding nations. Because Israel was at the crossroads between Mesopotamia, Syria, Asia Minor, and Egypt, it was only a matter of time before the people became involved in trading with other nations. Israel’s main… Read More

The Israelites constantly interacted with foreign nations. This article identifies Israel’s trade partners and examines the items they commonly traded. After the tribes of Israel were united under King David (around 1000 B.C.), international trade began to increase. Israelite rulers built storage cellars and warehouses to store wine, grain,… Read More

Donkeys or oxen? Rivers or seas? See what the logistics of trade were in biblical times. Throughout the biblical period, trading was usually conducted at the town gate or near the entrance to towns. As trading became more complex, market stalls were set up in central parts of cities. Read More

What did average people bring to the market in biblical times? Find out here. Ancient Palestine was largely an agricultural society. People traded farm products and animals from their flocks in the marketplaces. Farmers brought wheat and barley, grapes and wine, olives and olive oil, figs, dates, and nuts… Read More

Trading on foot is a tough business – you can only exchange what you carry. See how improved transportation changed the trade landscape. As trading between regions and countries became more important, so did travel. In fact, trade and travel link so completely that discussing one involves discussing the… Read More

The nation of Israel was a strategic trade location. Check out what they traded and how trading shaped the culture of the Ancient Near East. The earliest Israelites traded in animals, milk, cheese, and wool. Even after they settled in Canaan, the Israelites were farmers and herders, but few… Read More

Most of the Israelites were nomads. Find out where and how they traveled in the Ancient Near East. Before they settled in Canaan, the earliest ancestors of the Israelites were nomads, which means that they lived by moving herds of sheep and goats from place to place to… Read More

In the beginning . . . human societies interacted with each other. See how they did it. No clear evidence has been found to show how the earliest human beings traveled. Archaeologists date the earliest evidence of any kind of travel from the end of the “Ice Age,” about… Read More

Who is the anti-Christ? Where is he mentioned in Scripture? Read more to get a sound biblical perspective of this figure. The decision of the film-making industry to produce a wave of movies with apocalyptic themes has resulted in resurgent interest in the physical nature of the antichrist, his… Read More